Add logging framework with Logger, LoggerFactory, and appenders

- Introduced ILogger interface for logging methods
- Implemented Logger class with various logging levels and message formatting
- Created LoggerFactory for managing logger instances and appender configuration
- Added LoggingLevel enum and mapping for logging level types
- Developed ConsoleAppender and TechnikerMeAppender for different logging outputs
- Implemented appender management with AppenderFactory and base Appender class
- Established Threshold class for controlling logging levels

src/logger/appenders/ConsoleAppender.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import {LoggingLevel, type LoggingLevelType} from '../LoggingLevel';
+import LoggingLevelMapping from '../LoggingLevelMapping';
+import type {IAppender} from './IAppender';
+import {assertUnreachable} from '@techniker-me/tools';
+
+export default class ConsoleAppender implements IAppender {
+  public log(timestamp: string, level: LoggingLevelType, category: string, message: string) {
+    const loggingLevel = LoggingLevelMapping.convertLoggingLevelTypeToLoggingLevel(level);
+
+    switch (loggingLevel) {
+      case LoggingLevel.Off:
+        break;
+
+      case LoggingLevel.Warn:
+      case LoggingLevel.Error:
+        console.error(`${timestamp} [${level}] [${category}] ${message}`);
+        break;
+
+      case LoggingLevel.Info:
+      case LoggingLevel.Debug:
+      case LoggingLevel.Trace:
+      case LoggingLevel.Silly:
+      case LoggingLevel.All:
+        console.log(`${timestamp} [${level}] [${category}] ${message}`);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        assertUnreachable(loggingLevel);
+    }
+  }
+}